Anise
seed
nutrition facts
Suffering
from gripping stomach
pain? Or with cold and cough?
Take a few sips of anise seed mixed in hot
water and you feel better instantly. This humble herbal plant known for
its
aromatic spicy seeds is quite popular as well for its distinctive
culinary and medicinal
values.
Anise or aniseed,
botanically
belongs to the Apiaceae family of the genus Pimpinella and known
scientifically as Pimpinella
anisum. This spicy plant is native to
Middle-East and Mediterranean region, probably originated in
Egypt.
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|
Anise seeds. Note brown
colored seeds with thin
stalks.
|
Anise plant-
Pimpinella anisum.
Note beutiful white
colorflowers arranged
in umbels.
|
Anise is a perennial herbal plant; generally,
grows up to a height
of about 2 feet. It bears white colored umbelliform flowers by July,
and is harvested by cutting the whole plant once the seeds ripened.
Then the
seeds are separated from the flower heads by threshing method. The
seeds
feature oblong or curved like comma shape, about 3-4 mm long, light
brown color and fine stripes over its outer surface.
The
seeds feature delicately sweet and aromatic bouquet with a distinctive
liquorice flavor. The special fragrance is due to anethole in
them.
 |
 |
| Star anise (Illicium
verum)
fruits. Note for rust-red color husk. The seeds are encased inside the
husk. |
Star anise seeds. The seeds have
similar flavor and taste as that of anise.
|
Star
anise (Illicium
verum) is the spicy fruit, obtained from evergreen tree
native South-West
China;
has similar flavor and taste like anise seed. The tree bears
star-shaped fruits which turn rust red color when ripen and contain
inside amber colored seeds. Both the seed as well as the husk are used
as spice.
Health
benefits of anise
-
This exotic seed spice
contains
many plant derived chemical compounds that are known to have
anti-oxidant, disease preventing and health promoting properties.
-
The main constituent that
gives characteristic sweet, aromatic flavor to anise is anethole, the
essential volatile
oil present
in the seeds. Other important compounds found in these seeds include estragol, p-anisaldehyde, anise
alcohol, acetophenone, pinene and limonene.
-
Anise seed oil obtained
from extraction of the seeds is found
application in many traditional medicines as
stomachic,
anti-septic, anti-spasmodic, carminative, digestive,
expectorant, stimulant and tonic.
-
The seeds are an excellent
source of many essential B-complex vitamins such as pyridoxine, niacin,
riboflavin, thiamin. Pyridoxine (vitamin B-6) helps increase GABA
neuro-chemical levels in the brain.
-
The spicy seeds are great
source
of minerals like calcium, iron,
copper,
potassium, manganese zinc and
magnesium. Potassium in an
important component of cell and body fluids that helps control heart
rate and blood pressure.
-
Copper is a cofactor for
many vital enzymes, including cytochrome
C-oxidase and superoxide
dismutase (other minerals function as cofactors for this
enzyme are
manganese and zinc). Copper is also required in the production of red
blood cells.
-
The spice is also contain
good amounts of anti-oxidant vitamins such as vitamin-C and
vitamin-A.
See the table below for in depth analysis
of nutrients:
Anise
seeds (Pimpinella
anisum),
Nutritional value per 100 g.
(Source: USDA National
Nutrient data base)
| Principle |
Nutrient
Value |
Percentage
of
RDA |
| Energy |
337 Kcal |
17% |
| Carbohydrates |
50.02 g |
38% |
| Protein |
17.60 g |
31% |
| Total Fat |
79% |
15.90 g |
| Cholesterol |
0 mg |
0% |
| Dietary
Fiber |
14.6 g |
38% |
| Vitamins |
|
|
| Folates |
10 mcg |
2.5% |
| Niacin |
3.060 mg |
19% |
| Pantothenic
acid |
0.797 mg |
16% |
| Pyridoxine |
0.650 mg |
50% |
| Riboflavin |
0.290 mg |
22% |
| Thiamin |
0.340 mg |
28% |
| Vitamin A |
311 IU |
10.5% |
| Vitamin C |
21 mg |
35% |
| Electrolytes |
|
|
| Sodium |
16 mg |
1% |
| Potassium |
1441 mg |
31% |
| Minerals |
|
|
| Calcium |
646 mg |
65% |
| Copper |
0.910 mg |
101% |
| Iron |
36.96 mg |
462% |
| Magnesium |
170 mg |
42.5% |
| Manganese |
2.300 mg |
100% |
| Phosphorus |
440 mg |
63% |
| Selenium |
5.0 mg |
9% |
| Zinc |
5.30 mg |
48% |
Selection and
storage
Dried as well
as grounded
anise as
its powder are available in the markets
year around. Buy anise seeds from organic herb stores for authenticity.
Buy them in small quantities as they lose their flavor. Fresh seeds
should emanate rich aroma when crushed between index and
thumb fingers. They should feature brilliant olive-green to
greyish-brown color. Avoid seeds that have broken tips or
those from old stocks as they indicate less in essential oils.
Store anise
in airtight containers; place in cool, dark place.
Powder/grounded form
should be kept in airtight containers and used as early as possible
since it may lose its flavor rather quickly.
Star anise, on
the other hand,
has a long shelf life. Grounded star anise should be stored in an
airtight container, away from sunlight
Medicinal use
Anise seed as
well its
oil have found application in
many traditional medicines for their distinctive health promoting and
disease preventing roles.
-
The seeds preparations are
an excellent remedy
for asthma, bronchitic cough as well as digestive disorders
such as flatulence, bloating, colicky stomach pain, nausea
and indigestion.
-
The essential oil comprises
75 - 90% anethole,
which has an observed oestrogenic effect. Its decoction
oftentimes prescribed to promote breast-milk production in mothers.
- Anise
seed water is very
helpful in relieving
running nose in infants.
- The
seeds are chewed after
a meal in India to
refresh the breath.
Culinary uses
Anise seeds, oil as well as
fresh young leaves are used in cooking.
The flavor is heightened by dry-frying the seeds. Anise is used in
savory and sweet cookings to which it imparts sweet aromatic flavor to
variety of
cuisines. The whole seeds and often-times freshly grounded powder added
to the recipes at the last moment to limit the evaporation of essential
volatile oils in them.
- This delicate spice is
being used as flavoring base for soups, sauces, breads, cakes, biscuits
and confectionary.
- Popular aniseed flavor
drinks include prenod, french pastis, spanish ojen etc.
- Anise seeds as
well as oil have been in use
in the preparation of sweet dishes in many Asian countries.
- It is used as a flavoring
base in the preparation of herbal tea; and a liquor called anisette.
- Star anise is one of the
most important spices in Chinese cuisine, and it is the dominant flavor
in Chinese five spice powder.
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